Ball-on-disc instrument for measuring the frictional properties of lubricated and unlubricated contacts under extreme pressures and a wide range of rolling and sliding conditions.

Launched in 2019, the ETM uses the same specimen geometry as the laboratory standard MTM. Using high precision components, the ETM allows testing up to 3.5 GPa with standard specimens in a compact, controlled environment.

The unique ball and disc set up enables mixed rolling and sliding conditions to be simulated. All three regimes (boundary, mixed and EHL) can be replicated, whilst applying extreme load and realistic temperatures and speeds. The frictional properties of lubricants and additives can be analysed under realistic conditions for quick comparison between formulations.

Peak Hertzian contact pressures typically range from 1.8 GPa in gears and cams to 3.5 GPa in rolling bearings and toroidal traction drives.  The PCS-ETM enables tribological phenomena to be studied over the full range of pressures.

· Measurement of the formation and removal of anti-wear tribofilms at high contact pressures

· Studying the influence of very high shear stresses on lubricant/material chemistry (mechanochemistry)

· Scuffing testing of lubricants, materials and surface finishes

· Characterisation of lubricant properties for traction drive applications

· Exploration of friction modifier behaviour at realistic contact pressures